The Electoral College1 Essay Example For Students

The Electoral College1 Essay When the Constitutional Convention gathered in 1784 they had the difficult task of determining how our government should be assembled and what systems we should use to elect them. They quickly decided congress should have the powers to pass laws and the people should elect these people to ensure they are following the will of the people. But who should elect the president? Congress was the initial choice of most of the framers, but then they realized they first dilemma; by having congress elect the president, he would be loyal only to congress and not the people. The second and most logically thought was to have the people elect the president. However, this too was a problem in the eyes of most of the framers. They felt that people were prone to being rash and emotional and therefore could not be trusted to make a wise decision. So then congress settled on the final choice, which was to be a compromise between the smaller and larger states, which would ensure that the president would be fairly and wisely selected and that smaller states would have the same power as larger states. This system is called the Electoral College. In the Electoral College, each state is granted one vote for every representative and one for every senator, thus ensuring that each state would be equally represented when electing the president. We will write a custom essay on The Electoral College1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, the same question arises every four years, are the ideals that were used to create the Electoral College system over 200 years ago still applicable today or have that outlived their intended purposes? In order to answer that we must first explore the purposes for setting up the Electoral College and then determine how relevant it is to today. The first purpose for setting up the Electoral College was to ensure that congress did not have too much power. When the system of government was finally decided on, our founding fathers understood the importance of the balance of power within the three branches of the government. They called this system checks and balances. This system was set up to ensure that the government would remain loyal to the people and loyal to their states (Hamilton). In The Federalist Papers, No. 68, Alexander Hamilton discusses the importance of having the president elected by the Electoral College. He said that in order to ensure that we do not end up with the same problems that America had with the monarch of England, it was important that the balance of power was spread throughout the government and that no one portion have too much power. Another reason Alexander Hamilton gave for not having congress elect the president was that the founders wanted to reassure states that they had not given up all t heir power to a federal government. In order to ratify the constitution, the framers knew that it would have to be approved in each of the thirteen states. They also knew that these states would be skeptical of a powerful central government that would have the ability to take away all their rights. So, they would have to make sure that each of these states was comfortable with the amount of power given to each branch of the central government. This point is also clearly evident today. During the election this year, the Republican Party ran on a platform that included the premise of a smaller government. This platform was in line with an MSNBC poll that was taken in July 2000, which asked this question, â€Å"Do you think it is important to limit the size of the federal government?† Over 72 percent of the 4,143 people surveyed said they believed that it is important to limit the size of the government. So even in the age of government programs which help support the citizens of this nation, people still understand the importance of keeping our government small. The second purpose for the Electoral College was to give smaller states the same rights and powers as the larger states. There are two primary reasons why the smaller states have the same, if not more, power than the larger states when it comes to electing the president. The first is, a presidential candidate must receive 270 Electoral votes in order to win th e presidency (Law). To do so that means that he would need to receive Electoral votes from a wide range of states and cannot limit himself to a certain region of the country. This means that some of the smaller states will receive the attention of presidential candidates. The second reasons smaller states have the same, or more power, as larger states is in how the Electoral votes are distributed (Law). If you take a state such as Alaska, with a population of 619,500, which has three Electoral votes, this means that they have one vote for every 206,500 in population. Compared to California, which has a population of 33,145,121, and 54 Electoral votes. That works out to be one Electoral vote for every 613,799 in population. That means that someone who votes in the state of Alaska has three times the voting power of someone who votes in California. This is what ensures that candidates for president do not ignore these smaller states. .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38 , .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38 .postImageUrl , .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38 , .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38:hover , .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38:visited , .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38:active { border:0!important; } .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38:active , .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38 .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub4eb1b12b64af875d7fd4b5924a8dd38:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Typical Life EssayAnother way to see the effect of size is to look at the analogy of a coin toss. For a simple example, let’s assume that only two candidates are running, A versus B, and each vote is like a random coin toss, with a fifty percent chance of going either way. In your state of three, there’s a fifty percent chance that the other two votes will split, one for A and the other for B, and thus a 50 percent chance that your single vote will determine the election. Therefore candidates will give each of the three of you a lot of respect. As a nation gets larger, the citizens voting power shrinks. If you are part of a five-voter nation, the other four voters would have to split, two for A and two for B – for your vote to turn the election. The probability of that happening is 3 in 8, or 37.5 percent. As the nation’s size continues to go up, individual voting power continues to drop. This power of the smaller states was especially evident during this year’s election. For the first time in many years, the candidates knew that the election would be close. Because of this, presidential and vice-presidential candidates visited smaller states in record numbers. For example, Oregon, with its 7 Electoral votes had 17 visits from these candidates during this election. This more than tripled the number of visits during the 1996 presidential race and reinforced the importance of smaller states having the Electoral College. The third, and last purpose, for the Electoral College was that the framers did not trust the â€Å"mob.† (Natapoff). They believed that a large electorate could easily â€Å"fall prey to passions, rumors, and tumult.† Electors were supposed to consider each candidate’s merits more judiciously, not just blindly follow the popular will. Akhil Amar, a government professor at Yale University, argues that the Electoral College was set up 200 years ago because, â€Å"Common people may not have enough accurate information to make a wise decision and therefore needed someone to ensure the right choices would be made.†(Onion). James Madison, chief architect of the Electoral College, also wanted to protect each citizen against, â€Å"the most insidious tyranny that arises in democracies: the massed power of fellow citizens banded together in a dominant bloc. A well-designed democracy might include obstacles to thwart an overbearing majority and to prevent a candid ate from only wooing the largest bloc.† Madison further explained in the Federalist Papers (No. X), â€Å"a well-constructed Union must, above all else, break and control the violence of faction, especially the superior force of an overbearing majority. In any democracy, a majority’s power threatens minorities. It threatens their rights, their property, and sometimes their lives.†Unfortunately, this has been an ongoing problem since the constitution was written. Some examples of the masses making poor decisions that affect the lives of many can be seen in places like Nazi Germany, where the masses supported the Third Reich and there efforts to eliminate the Jews. This is still happening today in places like Yugoslavia, where the majority continues to elect Slavadon Malosivich even though he continues to kill the people of Bosnia and Croatia. To prevent these types of things from happening in a democracy, you must install safe guards against this and that is why t he framers decided to use the Electoral College system to protect the American people. However, there are some people who feel that the Electoral College has problems. The most widely talked about problem with the Electoral College is the rare occasion when someone can actually win the popular vote and loose in the Electoral College. Just such a scenario is beginning to play in this year’s election. It appears as though Al Gore has won the popular vote while it appears that George W. Bush will win the Electoral College. And this to some people seems very unfair and undemocratic. There are a few problems with this theory. The first is, in order to protect the American people against tyranny, this things may happen. Although, in the last 220+ years, only 5 times has the winner of the popular vote not been elected president. That’s a pretty good track record by any measurement. Second, even though Al Gore did win the popular vote, he knew well before the election that the only majority that mattered is in the Electoral College. The easiest way to explain thi s would be Natapoff’s explanation of the 1960 World Series. .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f , .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f .postImageUrl , .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f , .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f:hover , .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f:visited , .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f:active { border:0!important; } .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f:active , .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8afb0e974354175e04e4a26d9b3ab16f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ghosts EssayThe more that Natapoff looked into the nitty-gritty of real elections, the more parallels he found with another American institution that stirs up the same emotion, baseball’s World Series. In the World Series, for example, the team that gets the most runs overall is like the candidate who gets the most popular vote. But to become champion, that team must still win most of the games. In 1960, during a World Series as nail-bitingly close as that year’s presidential battle between Kennedy and Nixon, the New York Yankees, with the combination of Mantle, Marris, and Bill â€Å"Moose† Skowron, scored more than twice as many total runs as the Pit tsburgh Pirates, 55 to 27. Yet the Yankees lost the best of seven series four games to three. Even the Yankees fans conceded that the Pirates deserved to win in this hard fought battle. Runs must be grouped in a way that wins games, just as popular votes must be grouped in a way that wins states. The Yankees won three blowouts (16-3, 10-0, 12-0), but they couldn’t come up with the runs they needed in the other four games, which were close (Table A). In sports, we accept that a true champion should be more consistent than the 1960 Yankees. A champion should be able to win at least some of the tough, close contests by every means available – bunting, stealing, pitching, and dazzling play in the field – and not just hit home runs against third-rate pitchers. A presidential candidate worthy of office, by the same logic, should have a broad appeal across the whole nation, and not just play strongly on a singular issue to isolated blocs of voters. Therefore it can be argued that just because you get more votes, it does not mean that you are the best person for the job. Game1234567Total RunsTotal WinsPittsburgh Pirates63035010274New York Yankees4161022129553The Electoral College was created to ensure that Congress did not have too much power, to give the smaller states more power, and to protect the masses from tyranny. The system the framers of the Constitution formed is an institution that is even more effective today than it was over 200 years ago. My hope is that after reading this paper and evaluating the evidence, you will have gained a better understanding of the importance of the Electoral College and its effectiveness in today’s world. Bibliography:

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Demeter and Persephone Essays

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Cultural Diversity and Development essays To assess the cultural diversity and training services of a certain community needs a thorough study of the nature of its people. In the case of Onehorse town, its culture and lifestyles definitely vary to the extreme. The prevailing situation is that community members are having resistance towards eventual growth and development of their town. This is perhaps due to some factors such as traditions being threatened and subsequently, the fear of the unknown or uncertainty that growth and development will probably bring to them. To bring about change toward growth, an effective shared strategy is one which both parties (the town officials and townsfolk) work together to identify their needs and generate new ideas to solve certain problems or concerns. Officials should presents courses of actions and programs that will explain to its constituencies the importance of such plan, how it will bring development and the subsequent benefits it offers to the people. Furthermore, town officials and community members should build new opportunities to express ideas and feelings, building trust and confidence so that projects can proceed smoothly. The changing environment in the society in general and in any organizations and communities in particular, accentuates the need for strong leadership in the local level especially the town officials. No matter how competent he is, no person can take the responsibility or provide the resources and expertise for solving a communitys problems such as crime, economic and social concerns. Proper information, consultation and active involvement from citizens are key ingredients needed toward a successful community undertaking. ...

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Hitler - Research Paper Example During his time in jail for the failed coup, he wrote a memoir, titled â€Å"my struggle† and after release in 1924 gained a lot of popular support for his attacks on The treaty of Versailles and the promotion of anti-Semitism, Pan-Germany agenda and anti communism (Giblin, p 12). It is this initial support that was a beginning to his consolidation of power and elevation as the supreme leader of Nazi Germany. His career as a decorated war veteran and an intelligence officer gave him an opportunity to acquire crucial information on soldiers and the German worker Party (DAP) and served as a platform to prepare him for the huge task of uniting Germans around a cause, however evil. While at the DAP, Hitler got the chance to meet several influential people who later had a significant input on his ideologies and opinion among them Dietrich Eckart, a member of Thule Society, an occult organization that shared Nazi ideologies that were later implemented by Hitler in his quest for world dominance (Gonen, p 88). Hitler’s ideologies The ideologies of Adolf Hitler were threefold, social, political and social. On the social front, he believed in Germany for Germans and no other. To this effect, only bona fide members of the country were to be the states’ citizens and ‘foreigners’, which included Jews, Gypsies and others, were to be eradicated. Jews were to be eradicated by turning people against them (anti-Semitism). All Germans were to be mentally and physically healthy and therefore people with mental and physical disabilities were to be completely eradicated. Those who destroyed the Nazi’s common interests were also to be fought (Haynes, p53).

Healthy Cell Phone Essay Example for Free

Healthy Cell Phone Essay Teenagers and The Over Use of Cell Phones The use of cell phones should be banned for teenagers. Similar to the legal age of purchasing alcohol and tobacco, the same law should be enforced when it comes to the use of cell phones among teenagers. Although the thought of this may sound insane to most adolescence, it maybe the solution to limiting and promoting healthy cell phone use amongst todays youth. The following solution would also be in their best interest without them even realizing it. The over use of cell phones by teenagers will have a negative effect on their academic, social, and mental development. Teenagers who use their cellphones very often will have their academic progress negatively affected due to being distracted. It is not a rare occurrence for teenagers to have their phones with them while they are in class, but that is mainly because many of them do not realize the impact it is having on their grades. Researchers, Christian M. End, Shaye Worthman, Mary Bridget Matthews, and Katharina Wetterau at Xavier University did a study about the impact of cell phone rings on academic performance. After completing the study they said, Findings indicated that cell phone rings during a video presentation impaired academic performance. Specifically, participants in the ringing condition performed worse on disrupted test items and were less likely to have recorded pertinent test information (End, Worthman, Matthews, Wetterau, 2010, p. 55-57). The study shows that Just the ringer on a cell phone alone can have an impact on how a student takes notes. However, not everyone thinks that cell phones are a bad idea. Authors Kevin Thomas and Blanche Obannon wrote an article titled Cell Phones In The Classroom: Preservice Teachers Perceptions, which talks about cell phone use in the class room and how it would be beneficial to students. Mentioning that by 201 5 two-thirds of all suggest that this can be a positive thing with the use of tools provided by cell phones for content creation, student centered learning, authentic learning, differentiation of instruction, assessment, and reflection (Thomas ; Obannon, 2013). Given that cell phones can be used as a tool to better educate; it still would not be a good idea because studies prove that a ringer alone can distract a student. Also that text messages and social media cites such a Facebook and Twitter will also be a distraction away from school work. If students were openly able to utilize their cell hones while in class this would cause a distraction and decrease in their grades. A teenager who pays more attention to their phone while in school can cause them to not be academically successful. When a teenager depends solely on communicating through their cell phone it will cause them to have a difficult time with face-to-face interactions. Many teens would prefer to send a text message or make a phone call to their friend in the next room rather than Just walking over and talking to them. Not only does this encourage laziness but it also affects their social skills. An Article in the Washington Post by Masuma Ahuja called Teens are spending more time consuming social media, on mobile devices, which talks about teens spending a long amount of time on social media and how it effects their social skills. Ahuja says, Teens spend so much time interacting with each other on social networks and phones that they are growing less comfortable with in-person interactions and not developing essential social skills (Ahuja, 2013). It is clear that teenagers who prefer talking on a cell phone, sending a Facebook message or sending a text message are more likely to have trouble in a social setting. Cell phones have also made a great impact with the way families interact with one another. It causes teenagers to subconsciously disrespect their parents by using their cellphones while at the dinner table or picking up a phone call while being spoken to by their parents. An article called The Cell Phone as an Agent of Social Change written by Abu Sadat Nurulla from the University of Alberta talks about the effect that cellphones have on the way youth interact with family and their peers. Nurulla says that cell phones cannot solve ongoing child and parent communication issues, such as quality and flow of communication (Nurulla, p. 1). Although a teenager having a cell phone may help with keeping in touch with their parents for emergencies, but it does not otherwise benefit the relationship due. Teenagers seem to not be aware of the effect of being overly indulged with communicating on cell phones; it can seriously hinder their ability to socialize because they are use to sitting behind a phone. Teenagers over dependence and use of their cell phone can lead to depression. Something as minor as falling asleep with their phone beside them can cause lack of sleep due to the phone going off in the middle of the night, which will cause lack of leep and could lead to the teenager having a bad day. An article called How Mobile Phones Affect Sleep in the Huffington Post talks about how mobile phones affect a good nights sleep, while making reference to a study funded by a major mobile phone maker. It says, People exposed to major radiation took longer to fall asleep and spent less time in deep sleep (Huffington Post, 2013). So it is clear that cell phones can be linked to teens not sleeping well at night. Also in the Medical Post an about a study done to link the over use of cell phones by teen to depression. The tudy showed that compared to teens in the lower scoring group than the group of adolescence that used their phones more often had significantly higher scores in the depression inventory scale and interpersonal anxiety scale, as well as scoring low on the self-esteem scale (Hodges, 2006). These results reflect that teenagers are very likely to suffer from depression if they continue to spend too much time in their cell phones. Depression and lack of sleep will lead to severe mental issues if not sustained at an early stage. Youth today are overly dependent on cell phones. So dependent that many of hem seem to be out of touch with reality. Due to the mental, social, and academic effects of cell phones, teenagers are being sent down the wrong path. These three aspects are very important to human development as a whole. They are more critical at the adolescent stage, where teenagers should be attempting to reach their full potential without the distraction of cell phones. A teenager should be able to sleep well in order to go to school, be attentive, and be able to socialize with their peers and teachers without the interruption of receiving a text message or a phone call.

Durkheims Theory: Summary, Critique and Analysis

Durkheims Theory: Summary, Critique and Analysis This review is The Rules of the Sociological Method by Durkheim. I will try to summarise the concepts of it and indicate some of objections of Durkheims position which I encountered in this article and will highlight as I go along. Durkheim states that the behaviour, phenomena and other societal dogma influence one to think, act, feel and react. Durkheim dedicated few fundamental elements such as the relationship between the individuals and society to the nature and social bond. He identified the two types of the societies into mechanical and organic societies. He distinguished them in terms of their shared beliefs, governing laws, level of individualism and social ills. According to Durkheims main theory of social fact existed even before we were born; and as a result a social fact is every way of acting, fixed or not, capable of exercising based on the individuals external constraint given by the society (p. 13). He added that social structures have a coercive power over the individual, which means that we are coerced into subsequent established rules of our society. According to Durkheim, social facts have main features such as: an external to the individual, coercive of the individual and not attached to any particular individual. The author argues that the basic norms of social facts as things to examine and understand. Durkheim is key thinker of social science and his theory and methods of was positivism (holism/whole), and he considers that social structures exist independently of the individual, and the individual agent does not play a huge role in the social fact. He emphasised that social facts exist outside the individuals, and the manifestation of the individuals is a social fact. He also suggested that society gives people a role to play based on their rationality and choices, therefore, society has made the individuals. Durkheim also suggested that belief existed since birth, and he gave his account on several inherent habits. It has been noticed that people are taught to be abided by certain obligation set by the society which termed as law and custom. The actions of individuals are totally connected with the education that one derives from his family or learnt through religion and customs of the society. Therefore, it is duty served by any individual by being a brother, mother, son or a h usband or as a citizen which are defined as the education and the obligation set by the society. This shows these concepts and expectations did not come from the individuals but from the social community. Although we might hold these normative community behaviours and share its values, we still constrained its existence. So, people have selected the social facts with conscious mind and their rationality. This means that people use their mind and brain to accept and follow the customs. However, in contrary to our modern day people are more rational and use their own autonomy and choice based on their own desires and will. Therefore, they rebel the norms and customs. In this sense, Durkheim sat the social level apart from psychology, and he insists that sociology and psychology are different. Psychology and Sociology goes hand in hand. Since people use their mind, brain to select their desires around them as well as their rationality. Durkheim referred understanding of the social fact belongs to sociology and its different from biology and psychology. In this sense, both discipline affects human growth, their rationality, choices and relationships. If he used consciousness/unconsciousne ss, and the effects of the emotions, how can he spate the sociology and psychology? This is the gap that needs to be considered. Hence, the thoughts and the ideas that are controlling ones behaviour is not developed by any individuals, rather they are enforced by some outside power and are penetrated on the character of the individual. In our modern day, a constant constraint has been developed to make people aware that they are not only dependent upon themselves neither on the societal norms and customs, but law and legislations sat. In the past century, the social norms could not be challenged or denied. People consider the norms are important and those failed to follow can either formally or informally can be sanctioned through the law and legislation, or by the communities as social control. They get excluded and shamed them. However, this is no longer valid. In his century, people considered norms are vital and those failed to follow can either formally or informally can be sanctioned through the law/ legislation, or by the communities. They get ashamed, isolation and excluded. However, this is no longer valid. People resist against religion and norms, and they dont face punishments . For stance, marriage were very crucial: husband and wife and children via verse, and every individual expected to follow. However, today, all those are no longer essential, and whether an individual is one gender or another; or same sex marriage, bisexual or belong to LGB are acceptable now. Conventions, on the other hand, are made by society to make people decide between the right and wrong, even if they are totally baseless. It has been analysed that if one tries to violate the rules set by the society, it acts against him and make him completely helpless to stand on his grounds. Furthermore, the society will ask him to anticipate his action if there is still time existed. In an alternative case, the society tries to nullify the action if it is considered to be reversible or make him pay a penalty if the action cannot be repaired. The restriction set by society causes an infringement in moral laws and ethics, special punishments are enforced to provide a check on the behaviour of the citizens which is seen a form of deterrence, p.2) However, there are some breach that goes against the ordinary convention of the society and treated less violently. Eventually, it has been examined that there are certain individuals who try to successfully break the rules forcing one to fight against them. Even if the forces of the society are overcome, they impose the power of virtue and moral constraints that will drive them to act and feel externally. They exercise control over the individuals and let them function the way they like. The actions represented by the society should not be confused with the organic and the physical phenomenon that does not exist in the human conscious mind. There are certain facts in the society which are termed to be really social as it is used without any clarity and accuracy in the society. The social facts generally cover the entire phenomenon and the occurrence within the society with the presence of little social interest of the people. Societies see each of the functions differently and are judged differently by all. His example on (p. 6), on constrain and convention, as he used an example of the outset of a childs life. I believe the growing process of every child is similar to any given society. Although, he concentrated in France. Children learn through role modelling and imitations. Therefore, one may argue the existence of the external power which Durkheim believes is coercive forces which shapes them, merely is temporary, and its rather can be general influences till child reaches a certain age. If they reach the ages of maturity, they can rebel and resist some of these norms and customs, as we experienced today. In accordance, the term social has gathered a new meaning that is the factor on which individualism depends on. The social fact that existed in the well-defined society has emerged as the new form that contains the same objectivity controlling the behaviour of the individual. Society creates a profound impact on the emotions and feelings of the individual so once the community of the society breaks up, it fails to influence the feelings of the individuals and fails to enforce its power on them. The feelings and the experiences that people faced while being exposed to the harsh system of the society are completely dissimilar to that experience while being alone. In this respect the law of society draws every harmless individual to its wicked and cruel act when they are exposed to the crowd and let people get introduced to the religious, political and the artistic matters that are constantly surrounding them. Form the very beginning of growing stage of the child, he is taught the way to eat, sleep in regular hours and maintain cleanliness, which is later observed as a power or force to mend his ways to become a respectable individual of the society. This gradually gives rise to tendencies and habits that forms the inner and outer characteristics of the indi vidual. The pressure of the society and the environment to which one is subjected to, helps to shape ones personality and behaviour since childhood. Conclusion: Even though, the concept of the individual agent is strictly limited, still there are ways of thinking, acting, feeling which external power of coercion to the individual is. However, this is mental controlling to the individuals and enforcing them to abide by, regardless of their mental capacity and rationality. Therefore, one can say there is no way that one can detach or separate sociology from psychology. He also viewed an individual is tool and contributes little to the sociological knowledge. There are some premises are justified, however society evolved and transformed. Therefore, his argument are not fully compelling, when you look at other theories which makes a lot more sense. His clarification is functional but limited. The author failed to consider other possibility of the future change overtime. Therefore, there are many transformation took place now. Due to lack of integrations and technologies on his century, he failed to reflect on other societies which might happened to be different from France, such Europe and the global in general. Therefore, historical diversity is limited. The gap is not only the weakness of his argument it rather lacks the awareness of other societies outside France, which show the weaknesses of his premises, which not fully convincing. Reference: E. Durkheim, The Rule of Sociological Method, (New York: The Free Press, 1938. Ch.1.

Spike Lee Pride and Prejudice :: essays papers

Spike Lee Pride and Prejudice Anyone who would dismiss Spike Lee as a racist is confusing pride with prejudice. Sure, he's abrasive, blunt, unvarnished and maybe egotistical. But he's also got the self-confidence, fearlessness and knowledge of his personal mission that in past years, and some parts of Idaho today, would have gotten him called an uppity N-word, maybe worse. This reaction to him, to him in America today, and on our campus this week, is an illustration of how far whites (yes, whites) in this nation have not come. Lee makes films about various aspects of the African-American experience in America. His debut in 1986, "She's Gotta Have It," was about the man problems and prevails of a young black woman in the big city. "Do the Right Thing," his 1989 incitement of racial strife was a warning flag of urban angers a full three years before the L.A. Riots. "Malcolm X" was a stirring bio-pic about the slain black leader who preached a strident brand of self reliance in an age when most said looking to the government for help was the last best hope of African-Americans. It was also the best film biography since "Gandhi." "Gandhi" may be the best bio-pic ever. Are other filmmakers, like Martin Scorsese or Oliver Stone criticized for telling stories about exclusively white protagonists? Does anyone wave the flag of racism when Woody Allen makes his 100th film about neurotic Jewish men in New York? No, and they shouldn't. Creators work on what they know. The very fact that Lee is labeled and thought of as the "black filmmaker" is an illustration of just how right Lee is when he talks about the largely lily-white nature of Hollywood, and the nation it entertains. And a lot of what he has said, even the supposedly racist comments, have plucked a tone of truth in areas where, frankly, most whites would prefer the strings go unplucked. His most famous comment, that blacks by definition cannot be racist, was right. When he said that, he was talking about institutional racism (a fact adroitly cut from most news accounts of his comments). Blacks, by definition, can't be institutionally racist. They simply don't have the power. Maybe someday they will, but now, you can't point to any institution, and very few corporations, in which African-Americans have enough power to even exercise the thought of implementing institutional racism.

Comparing The Cask of Amontillado and The Interlopers Essay -- compari

Comparing The Cask of Amontillado and The Interlopers    Literary devices are tools used by the author to help the reader understand a given literary work. Writers use different literary devices depending on their style and what they wish their reader to get out of their work. One important literary device that is essential for a successful literary work is theme. Theme is the general insight into life that the author shares with the reader. There are a number of different methods from which an author can choose to present his/her theme. One common strategy is to communicate the theme through the use of mood; the overall feeling or emotion conjured within the reader. In Edgar Allan Poe's short story, "The Cask of Amontillado," and in Saki's short story, "The Interlopers," the mood evoked within the reader is used to communicate the short story's overall theme. The mood established by Edgar Allan Poe in his short story, "The Cask of Amontillado," plays a crucial role in conveying to the reader his underlying theme. For example, when Montresor, the narrator, st...

Muslim People Post 9/11

Muslim people in American post 9/11 Since the 9/11 attacks, many Americans have labeled Muslims in the United States as a threat to our country due to the fact that they share their religion with the extremists responsible for worldwide terrorism. Due to the recent conflicts between the US and Muslim, the Muslims that live in America continue to face isolation and danger because of their faith. Muslim people have gotten worse treatment after 9/11 in the United States in several places which are schools, work places and communities.First; The Muslim students had gotten a worse treatment in schools from the American student and teachers. The Muslim students got lot of hate threats from students in class. Like One the American student was making fun young lady who was wearing hijab. And the teachers can give the Muslim students a low grade for no reason because they are a Muslims. Teachers meant to talk about 9/11 to let the Muslims student felt uncomfortable in the class. In the school hallway American student beat and give them a dirty looks the Muslims student.And how they keep told them that they are a terrorist. Second; at a time of growing tensions involving Muslims in the United States, a record number of Muslim workers are complaining of employment differentiation, from coworkers calling them â€Å"terrorist† to employers barring them from wearing head scarves (Hijab) or taking prayer breaks. And some of the Muslims people don’t get a job because they think that they will do something danger in the work place.And the Muslims worker got in lots of problems from other employees so they can got fired. Third; Muslims people got a worse treatment after 9/11 in the communities. Especially hijabe women are who wear scarf on their heads they have to force a lot of hate and bad treatments like they pulled their head scarf. And the Muslims people got afraid to go out the house so they don’t get worse treatment and get beat from the Americans peo ple. I conclude that the Muslims people have gotten worse treatment right after post 9/11 in the United States.In several places which are the schools from the student and the teachers which that make the Muslim student unconvertible in the schools, work places, and Muslims people got the worse treatment from the other employees and the mangers, And the communities. If one Muslim person did something wrong and destroyed the name of Islam. That’s doesn’t mean all the Muslims people are the same. And they thought that Muslims people are Terrorist. But you can’t judge the people from their religion.

Prose Notes on “Berry” Essay

Berry is about a young black man called Millberry Jones who is employed at Dr. Renfield’s Home for Crippled Children. He was reluctantly employed by Mrs. Osborn, the housekeeper, because the Scandinavian kitchen boy had left without notice, leaving her no choice in hiring Berry. Her reluctance to hire Berry stemmed from his race, which initiated questions such as where he would sleep, as well as how the other employees would react to the presence of a Negro. She had a meeting with Dr. Renfield and they decided to hire Millberry on a reduced salary. He was overworked and underpaid, but took solace in the children whom he loved. An unfortunate incident occurred, however, where a child fell from his wheel chair while in the care of Berry. The result was that Berry was fired and given no salary for the week that he had worked. SETTING †¢Dr. Renfiled’s Home for Crippled Children †¢New Jersey coast CHARACTERS Millbury Jones (Berry) †¢A Black male, approximately 20 years old. †¢Described as good natured and strong. †¢Poor and uneducated. †¢Very observant and intuitive about people and places. †¢Very good with children due to his gentleness. Mrs. Osborn †¢The housekeeper at the children’s home. †¢Rumoured to be in love with Dr. Renfield. †¢Very high handed with her staff, but docile with Dr. Renfield. †¢Displays racist characteristics in subtle forms. Dr. Renfield †¢Rumoured to have romantic affairs with his female staff. †¢Berry observes that the Home is ‘Doc Renfield’s own private gyp game’ (Hughes, p. 162), meaning that he runs his establishment for his own profit, instead of a desire to take genuine care of the children. †¢He is blatantly racist. THEMES Racism This theme is apparent when Berry was being considered for employment at the Home. Mrs. Osborn was concerned about where Berry would sleep, implying that he could not sleep with the white servants because he was considered to be beneath them. His salary was also cut due to his race, and he was overworked, with no discussions of days off, ‘everybody was imposing on him in that taken-for-granted way white folks do with Negro help.’ (Hughes, 162). Even more importantly, when the unfortunate accident occurred with the child, there was no attempt at discerning what led to the incident, but blame was laid on the obvious person – Berry. As a result, he was relieved of his job in a hail of racist slurs.

Homeland Security Essay

Homeland Security is a cabinet level agency in the federal government. Its birth came after the terrorist attacks on September 11th, 2001. Its main goals were to deter terrorism on U. S. soil and the safety of the American infrastructure. It has been reported many times the trouble this department is having getting off the ground. â€Å"Hardly a day goes by without some fresh report on a contract gone bad, a new technology that does not work, a new Coast Guard cutter that is not seaworthy, or more cargo that slips through port without inspection† (Light, 2007). Every year new assessments of the department including Congress, the 9/11 Commission and the departments own inspector general gives it low grades for job satisfaction, management, and leadership. Just some of the problems it is having are high turnover, internal bureaucratic struggles and structural problems. So with all that said it is having problems reaching many of its outlined goals. It still needs funding, authority, better strategy for protecting American soil, personnel, better screening at airports for passengers and employees, and better technology to find weapons such as explosives. Improved intelligence capabilities are probably the most important. Border security issues were the founding fathers main focus when he was with the agency and I am in agreement. Securing our countries boarders on a daily basis is the Homeland security’s main concern. The military that has done that job up until now but with the world being global we need to separate the two and give each their own set of ground rules to operate at an optimum level. The merging of immigration and customs enforcement can only help in making this department function at a level the American public can be proud of with the goals of this office being completed (Magleby, O’Brien, Light, Peltason, & Cronin, 2006). Even with all its imperfections I still believe that it is a needed department in our government. A somewhat more rigid department to handle military type action on homeland soil was needed and was realized on 9/11. We had been living in a glass house and it was just a matter of time. The partnership it is creating with state and local governments especially with intelligence from federal sources will build a safer America. After the disaster of Katrina in 2005 it was more obvious that this newly formed department would need some redesign in its structure. But I think with having Homeland Security it will help to build a better military. This would allow more forces to be deployed outside our borders when needed. I think now if Homeland Security had been up to par, would we still be in Iraq or would the troops the Republicans so desperately want to send be there and back by now? Reference: Light, P. (2007, Spring). The homeland security hash. Wilson Quarterly, 31(2). Magleby, D. B. , O’Brien, D. , Light, P. , Peltason, J. W. , & Cronin, T. E. (2006). Government by the People: National, State, and Local 21st. Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

In 1930-1935, Max Dupain created a black and white photograph titled Eggs Essays

In 1930-1935, Max Dupain created a black and white photograph titled Eggs Essays In 1930-1935, Max Dupain created a black and white photograph titled Eggs Essay In 1930-1935, Max Dupain created a black and white photograph titled Eggs Essay Max Dupain focuses intensely on the establishing the perfect lighting technique to create the right mood and texture that the eggs appear to possess. Using the shy but strong light source he highlights the eggs fragility and delicacy. He has also used high contrasts of black and white to better differentiate the diverse, opposing colours and tones, generally, the blacks and the whites. Dupain positions the eggs in a way to create a patterned shadow to reveal more of the precise detail gone into the making of the artwork. With the remarkable positioning of the eggs, Dupain has also placed the eggs on harsh, abrasive wooden boards, to further place emphasis on the insubstantial texture of the eggs. As a final point, Dupain has used, in particular, the lighting, high contrast and positioning of the eggs as techniques to expose the eggs to their highest point. With all these techniques and methods, he has taken a bunch of everyday objects like the cup and egg to give help us form a whole new perspective on it with the careful control of the image. In the foreground of the painting steadily lays five randomly-positioned chalky white eggs. Their flawlessness and polished surface is achieved by the well-planned lighting and the contrast of the two different textures. Their shadow creates a pattern similar to that of a cloud. This effect makes the eggs appear even more small, frail and light because they appear to drifting on the cloud. To the top left of the eggs is a small, round cup, with no handles. The opening of the cup is relatively the same size of an egg. The crisp shadow of the cup is stretched out to reach one of the eggs, suggesting a feel of connection between the egg and the cup. The eggs and cup are both placed on a series of wooden planks. The wooden boards are rough, coarse and callused, and the eggs are unblemished and brittle. These two conflicting textures appear so contrasted next to each other, their texture is more accentuated because they both appear so varied. The diagonal planks of wood also appear as a form of leading lines, as their diagonal positioning leads to the eggs. The connection between the eggs and the wood are emphasized by the patterned shadows. Around the top two corners, the tone is very dark, and most of the area is covered by black. The high viewpoint is quite unique to what we normally see with most artworks. This may be because they want to get the shadows and their strength in well to associate with the rest of the other objects. This high viewpoint also helps us to communicate more with the object, because he is exposing the subject more as he reveals the whole and larger image with the viewpoint. More ground is covered with that viewpoint rather than what we would see in a normal picture, with the lower, straight on viewpoint. The tones in the artwork are very contrasted, they are all very different from one another. Because of the lighting, the tones are sharper, stronger but look atmospheric. There are a range of tones, but the main two are obvious, clearly stated within the eggs and cup and the shadows and the darkness of the table boards. The tones also help to achieve the effect of purity of the eggs, because of the distinction between the lighter and the darker tones. There is a limited amount of colour in this photograph. They contribute to the contrast of the blacks and whites and appear organic and natural. The eggs are of a warm, china-white colour, creamy colour. The greys and browns promoted by the table have a staggering effect on the eggs. Each colour brings out the next because they are all very unalike. They do, however, blend into one another, yet strive to distinguish. The lines in the photo are very fine and minute, particularly covering the eggs, adding to the fine, delicacy of their appearance. The lines are not as dominating as the colours are. Max Dupain has not focused as much on the accuracy and positioning of the lines as he has with the lighting, and highly contrasting colours and tones, etc. The shapes in Dupains photo are curved, oval and rotund. Mainly due to the shapes of the eggs and cups and their shadows. However, the rectangular shape of the wooden planks also, again contrast to the shapes of the eggs. There is much contrasting and differentiating with the two opposite textures, shapes, colours and tones of the eggs and the table. The shadows formed by the eggs are patterned. The constant curved shape and bump of the egg makes the shadow appear continual and ongoing, symbolising eternity, perhaps. The eggs are placed in front, closest to the viewer and the cup is directly above it, closer to the background. The light has been accurately and cleverly used and planned so that the end product really reveals its intended effect. The light source is from behind the cup and eggs, used to create the sharp shadows. The eggs and cup are proportioned to be of similar size. The perspective of the artwork is higher, from normal artworks to fit the image intended within. This photograph has been evenly balanced. The heavy, strong dark shadows in the left hand side, particularly in the top balance out with the multiple eggs and their shadows. The focal point of the artwork would be the eggs. The diagonal wood planks lead toward it and so does the shadow from the cup. I think the artwork symbolises a variety of different moods and emotional issues. It is all really based on Max Dupains strive to change the view of an everyday object into a more sophisticated and appealing image. The photograph helps to expand on its original image into a photo of simplicity and originality to create a mood of serenity and tranquillity. This photograph changes and twists everyday objects to help form our respect for them. Max Dupain also tries to bring out the effect of how eggs can also be a form of life. Suggested by how the human life starts, Dupain tries to accumulate a feel for what eggs can also mean, besides breakfast. I think the way he has really dramatically distorted our image of an egg is what is best about this photograph. I think the artwork is surprisingly, unsuccessful. Despite my high opinions of it, I think the majority of people think of this artwork as just a bunch of eggs with a cup on a table. To me, it means much more and that much more effort and work has been done to create what the end result is. Although some might agree with me, the majority dont. Nobody would be as interested in it for the pure reason of it being tedious and pointless; my more negative and superficial opinion. When I first saw the photograph, I had a more bland and shallow idea of it than what I think about it now. I just thought of it as a more plain and simple photograph. After analysing and studying it, it appealed to me more and I saw it as a more meaningful and original photo than I had before. The artwork makes me feel stable, calm and pleasant. The picture is appealing and creates an effect of calmness so it is the general mood I experience. The objects within the picture seem to communicate with the viewer, all characterised by all the techniques used by Dupain. The painting reminds me of how looks can everyday stereotypes can be deceiving and how somethings whole image can be changed, with just a little focus and concentration. The eggs symbolise, to me five delicate, fragile, lives in search for its meaning.

Primer, Manual and Handbook

Primer, Manual and Handbook Primer, Manual and Handbook Primer, Manual and Handbook By Maeve Maddox In American usage, the word primer has two pronunciations, according to whether it refers to a beginning reading book [PRIM-ur] or to an undercoat of paint [PRY-mur]. In British usage, it’s pronounced the same way for both [PRY-mur]. This post is about the word primer [PRIM-ur] as it applies to a source of elementary instruction. The first primers were devotionals or instructional manuals written for Christian church members. They contained prayers and explanations of doctrine. Because primers were often used for the secondary purpose of teaching children to read, later church primers contained a section with the ABCs. In 1545 primers intended specifically for children began to be published under the title The A.B.C. Primers. By 1600, the word primer referred chiefly to books intended for beginning reading instruction. When I was in grade school, I had a textbook that showed pages from The New England Primer, the first elementary textbook published in the American colonies. It contained the alphabet with a verse for each letter. One that springs to mind after all these years is the unforgettable verse for the letter X: Xerxes must die and so must I. The meaning of primer as a beginning reading textbook or a book of religious instruction has not entirely disappeared, as can be seen in these modern titles available at Amazon: A Gospel Primer for Christians Alpha-Phonics: A Primer for Beginning Readers The term has evolved to mean a small introductory book on any subject. For example: A Primer of Assyriology The Puppy Primer Loom Knitting Primer Cheese Primer The Pantry Primer C++ Primer Plus A Primer for the Mathematics of Financial Engineering In extended use, primer can include things other than books: Along the way, their work [that of the Coen brothers] has served as a primer of American history- their films are almost uniformly period pieces- especially as reflected onscreen. Fights with the enemy were a given, though as it turned out the Iraq War served as a primer for Afghanistan, where Scheuer was awarded the Bronze Star for meritorious service in combat. Altogether, the [Barlow] campaign served as a primer in Catskills history. Originally, primers were quite small. Here are three other English words for books that contain basic information and are small enough to carry about: manual noun (classical Latin manualis, â€Å"held in the hand, of a size to fill the hand†): a book containing in concise form the principles, rules, and directions needed for the mastery of an art, science, or skill. Example: The acronym IAEFRTM stands for â€Å"If All Else Fails, Read the Manual.† handbook noun (literal English translation of Latin manualis): a concise reference book covering a particular subject or field of knowledge. Example: His favorite gift was A Handbook to Help Identify Hudson River Fish Larvae. vade mecum noun:  (Latin imperative: â€Å"Go with me!†): A vade mecum is a small book convenient for carrying about. Example: Dr. Thaddeus William Harris prepared a catalogue of insects that served as the vade mecum of the working entomologist in the northeastern part of the United States for at least fifty years. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Classes and Types of PhrasesPeople versus PersonsThe Difference Between "Un-" and "Dis-"

Students Project of Software

Students Project of Software In every project, there are always component stages that make it a complete project. These stages are the activities that are to be conducted in the process of bringing the project into a successful completion. There are generally five stages that a project will always go through from the inception to conclusion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Students Project of Software specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first stage component is the initiation of the project. This is where the project is outlined so that project members can understand what the project involves. The second stage is planning the project. In this stage, all the involved parties gather together in order to discuss some of the important deliverables in the project, and how every task shall be accomplished. The third stage is the project execution. This involves putting into practice, all the activities that were planned in the previous stage. The nex t stage is project control. This involves monitoring and evaluation of the project. The last component stage is project closure. This comes after the stakeholders have confirmed that the project has met all the requirements that it was meant for. Project life cycle basically involves the stages described above. A project life cycle is the activities that that are undertaken by project team members from the inception stage to completion. At inception, the project manager will have the responsibility of explaining to the members what the project entails and the main objectives that are to be realized through the project.Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the second phase of planning, the technical team members of the project comes together in order to have a clear blueprint on how every activity of the project is going to be accomplished. The third stage is the execu tion. At this stage, all the stakeholders are assigned different duties as per the specification of the blueprint. This stage in the lifecycle is very important because it is the actual process of implementation. The next stage of project control involves the actual monitoring of the project, and determining the extent to which the project has been successful, and some of the changes that might be necessary to make the project realize its dream. The last stage in the lifecycle of project closure would always come automatically. When a project is successful in meeting its obligations, the project managers, project members and all other stakeholders who are involved in the project, will determine when the project should be brought to a closure. This always happens after all the important stakeholders are satisfied that a project has successfully met the expectation of the involved parties. A project is part of operational activities within a firm. It is important to appreciate the fac t that a project is not an independent activity from activities carried out within a firm. It is only special because there are specifically meant to achieve some objectives. Upon completion, the project is always brought to a closure, and a new project is brought forth. Project therefore, fits in research and development arm of a firm. Within a firm, there will always be the arm responsible for research and extension.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Students Project of Software specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This arm is responsible for ensuring that the firm comes up with new ideas that will make it competitive in the market. Projects therefore, fall in this department. Projects are creative ideas that are put into practice in order to make a positive change within the firm. Research and development unit is best positioned to monitor and fund the activities of various purposes for it is the very reason for its ex istence. There are a number of approaches in managing a project. Each is suitable depending on the type of project involved, and some of the expected constrains. Traditional approach to project management is always popular when handling projects which had been handled before. This is because the project manager is always aware of the events that may be expected in the project. Traditional approach fits well when there is a clear understanding of some of the challenges that the project may face is the process of accomplishing it. Critical chain approach is another approach which is a little different from the traditional approach to project management. In this approach, the project manager and team members assumes that there might be a constraint or two that may hinder the normal flow of the project. This is always the case when dealing with new projects that the firm has no clear focus on. The project members will be forced to use behavioral and mathematical science in predicting, a nalyzing and finally removing constrains that may affect the normal success of the project. Another standard approach is the extreme project approach. This approach is always recommended when the project entails a highly dynamic situation. In is a situation where there is high likelihood that some of the current constrains may easily change along the way.Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The approach is therefore designed to manage these changes. Finally, events chain projects approach may also be appropriate when dealing with some projects. In this case, there is always the suspicion that one constrain may create a chain of constraints that may have an impact on the project success. It is therefore designed, not only to manage any constrain that may arise, but also to deal with the issue of one constrain spilling over to affect other constrains. In order to ensure that there is success in a project, it is always important to ensure that there is an effective project management environment. An effective project management environment offers all members a perfect environment where they can participate in project activities and give their best to ensure an overall success of the project. There are a number of ways in which project manager, projects coordinator and other senior officials of a project can take to ensure that the project is successful. One of the most im portant activities in ensuring that there is a good environment is to ensure that all members of the project can express themselves freely. All the involved members of the project should be offered opportunity to express their views about the project, and how the project shall be brought into a successful completion. There should not be any form of high handedness when implementing policies in the project, and every member of the project should feel appreciated. The project manager should clearly define activity of every member of the organization in order to avoid cases where there is overlapping of duties, or confusion when it comes to assigning of tasks within the firm. Availing all the needed materials for the project also helps in ensuring that the project environment is made more successful. Communication is one of the key factors in ensuring that a project is made successful. A number of scholars have pointed out the fact that a project that succeeds is a project that has a c lear communication system between different stakeholders. It is through this communication that various departments will be able to coordinate in order to achieve the desired result. There should be a clearly defined vertical and horizontal flow of communication. The chief executive will communicate with the project manager and members through the projects coordinator. The chief executive will inform the projects coordinator of his or her expectations of the projects, and some of the special areas that there should be special attention. The projects coordinator will then pass this communication to the project manager who shall finally pass it to project members. Any communication from the members should follow the same channel up. When a member communicates directly to the chief executive or projects coordinator without informing the projects manager, the act can be considered insubordination. This can discourage the projects manager and this may hinder success of the project. It is however, a common phenomenon for a chief executive, or the projects coordinator to speak generally to all the members in one sitting, especially when giving a piece of advice to them or an encouragement. Members should be able to communicate freely among themselves. A business case is always fundamental in supporting a project. It is always a general belief that when committing any resource of a firm to any project, there should be a strong reason for doing so. Accountability of all the funds of a firm is one of the reasons why there is always the need to ensure that the top management is able to account for every cent used in the firm. A project case is therefore, a strong justification why a given project is important, clearly defining some of the benefits that the firm stands to benefit from the project either in the short run or the long run business plans. The business case will be justifying why the project should be undertaken, and how the resources used in it shall be recov ered, and the overall benefits it will have to the firm. A project case is always useful when a project is presented to the board of directors or senior management team of the firm for approval. A strong business case will be able to convince the decision makers that there is need to carry out the project. Project Plan Purpose of the Report This report is meant to advertise car tracker software developed by a group of students within the campus. Although my society members consider universities as institutions for inventions and innovations, they have not taken seriously the fact that very good products can come from these universities. The fact that students lack enough money to bankroll expensive television commercials, their products always fail to get public attention, making it difficult to get the market they need. Their invention ends up being stolen, if not cheaply bought by major companies which have the capacity to commercialize the product. This project aims at helping th ese innovative students by ensuring that their products receives the much needed public attention that will help make the known in the market. Background of the study Students have been complaining that they work hard to come up with various innovative ideas but the ideas are never developed. They state that they come up with ideas, but because of enough money, their ideas are always bought cheaply by companies who use them to earn a lot of money. In some cases, they are always surprised by unethical actions of some companies which steal their ideas at their inception. This group that came up with this project worked very hard to ensure that the project is a success. Sure enough, they have been able to test and confirm the fact that the device works well and can help reduce cases of theft of cars. The main concern is now to ensure that the device reaches the market in time, and that the developers of the software get to benefit, and not greedy companies that are always ready to stea l these ideas. Activities of the Project Project Scope As stated above, the scope of this project is limited to advertisement and other mechanisms through which the software can be known in the market. The scope of this project does not include any technicalities of the product. It is also important that this project does not cover delivering the product to the market. It specifically focuses on the awareness creation of the product in the market. Project Objectives It is always important to specify objectives of a project. In this project, there were specific objects that the project manager, together with project members, wishes to achieve. Creation of general awareness of the product within the domestic market within a period of four months. Make the market know the existence of the product and some of the features that make the product unique. Deter any form of piracy, or an attempt to mimic this technology by major industry players through massive advertisement and warnings. H elp the students who developed this idea take their product to the market. Project Deliverables Project deliverables are some of the tangible and intangible outcomes of a project. In this project, some of the project deliverables include the extent to which people will be aware of this product after four months that the project plans to take. Another deliverable in this project includes the amount of income that the developers shall generate through the sale of their project. The ability of the product to be sold in the market without any form of piracy is also another deliverable in this project. Constrains In every project, there are always project constrains that should be considered in making the project successful. In this project, the first constrain was time. As a student, it was not easily to get free time to conduct a massive awareness of the product in the market. Another constrain was finance to enable project members move from one corner of the country to another; and t o use some of the major media stations in this country. Risk Management, Project Quality, Monitoring and Control It is always important to understand some of the risks that are always presented in any given project, and how to manage them. In this project, the management of project risks will be conducted by a special group which will be responsible for quality management. They will be responsible for detecting and managing of the risks in time. The team will be responsible for monitoring various activities within the firm, and determining the best control methods for these risks and other issues that may arise in the process of project implementation

The Changing Meaning of School

The Changing Meaning of School The Changing Meaning of School The Changing Meaning of School By Maeve Maddox Since Shakespeare’s time at least, children have been portrayed as being reluctant to go to school: the whining school-boy with his satchel And shining morning face, creeping like snail Unwillingly to school.  - As You Like It, II:vii,148-150. That’s a sad fate for school, a word that originated in the context of enjoyable leisure time. Our word school comes from Latin schola, â€Å"learned leisure.† Schola was free time during which educated men could sit around and talk about ideas. The talk might lead to lecturing and arguing, so from meaning â€Å"free time for talking about ideas,† schola came to mean debate, dispute, lecture, dissertation. More and more definitions were added. A schola could be â€Å"a place where learned disputations are carried on.† Then, the followers of a favorite lecturer or philosopher were called â€Å"a schola.† Note: School in the expression â€Å"a school of fish† derives from Middle Dutch schole, â€Å"flock of animals.† In modern English, school has numerous meanings and occurs in several idioms. School can mean any of the following: An establishment or institution for the formal education of children or young people. The building or set of buildings used by a school. A place, environment, experience, etc., which forms or develops a persons character or behavior. A group of people who follow or are influenced by the teaching of a particular person, or who share similar principles, ideas, or methods. A group of people who share a particular opinion, practice, or custom. A particular type of doctrine or practice as followed by a group of people. An institution in which instruction of a particular kind is given. A department in a college or university. Here are a few examples of these different uses: A painting of Mary Stuart by an unknown artist of the School of Clouet hangs at the Hermitage, St. Petersburg. Spenser  earned his degree  in the  school of hard knocks, so he is ready when a Boston university hires him to recover a rare, stolen manuscript. You have to understand,  hes definitely old school when it comes to  understanding different cultures. This is a discussion of Marxism-Leninism as a  school of thought as opposed to a political practice. The Colorado School of Mines Board of Trustees announced that  Paul C. Johnson  is the finalist for president of Colorado School of Mines. The Missouri  School of Journalism at  University of Missouri in Columbia is a journalism school which may be the oldest formal journalism school in the world. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Types of RhymeProved vs. ProvenInspiring vs. Inspirational

Manipulation through Media Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Manipulation through Media - Movie Review Example Both these movies are targeted to politically aware urban audience and use various media manipulation techniques like camera angles and shots, sound effects, literary elements etc. Camera angles and shots have been used effectively to bring out the desired effect. For example an extreme long shot emphasizes the background. In V for Vendetta, this shot has been used in the first scene when Guy Fawkes enters the room. To give the effect of a general view, a long shot is used where the scale of an object could be like a small human body. It has been used in this movie when V is coming from the alley. A medium shot is framed at a distance which makes an object four or five feet high to fill the screen. It is used to keep people in the longer shots. This shot has been used when the lady was going to spray on the 'finger guys'. A close up shot normally zooms in which the scale of an object is fairly large. This is done to focus on the facial expressions. This has been used on The Big Brother like character and V speaking in the alley. In another scene where chancellor is speaking to the people is an extreme close up that focuses on the mouth of the speaker to make t he words important. When Guy Fawkes is moving the gunpowder barrel, panning camera movement is used to create the mood as well as establishe the viewer's relationship with the subject. When Evey is moving the cart in the building a tracking shot is used which is a mobile framing that travels through space forward, backward, or laterally following the subject to give an authentic and spontaneous effect. When the filmmaker wants the audience to know everything that is going on, a crane shot is used, for example: girl is walking in the street after time. To make an interesting illusion of a still photograph, Freeze frame shot is used which is a shot that is taken and paused to focus on the image and facial expression for example: focusing on V's mask when he is talking to Evey. For creating tension, a tilted shot is used. This is used in this film when he is in a fight to create the desired effect of tension. High key and low key lighting is also used to create contrast between light a nd dark areas. It gives a dramatic effect. In this film low key is used when Guy Fawkes is hiding from the guards and high key is used when party leader is talking to inner party. To show the intensity of the situation a gradual transition from highlights to shadows is done to create sharp edged shadows. This is done when Guy Fawkes comes out to be hanged. To bring out the importance of two different scenes shot-reverse-shot is used in which two or more shots are edited together that alternate characters, typically in a conversation situation. This is done by dividing the screen to two when Evey and V are getting prepared while the TV is on. To bring focus to an important object deep and sharp focus is used with a blurred image. For example, while evey turned the TV off, she was blurred and the focus was on the remote. To give the illusion of past, a flash back scene with faded colors is used. Mood is created through music also like drums and marching sounds. Literary element is used in the movie 'Wag the Dog' from the title itself, which is a take off on the proverb of the dog wags the tail. It should not be the opposite - the tail should not wag the dog. In this

Federal Contracting Activitities and Contract Types Assignment

Federal Contracting Activitities and Contract Types - Assignment Example age of time it seems that VectorCal has been thrown out of track due to the penetration of different firm and its disability (as a result of using feeble forecasting method) to break even with the consumers increasing demand. As the sayings go ‘the customer is always right’, it seems VectorCal had nowhere to go. Mycompany initially aims to serve the consumers locally and then in foreseeable future, will fare on international horizon. As aforementioned, the market for drones had expanded at a high pace as a result of insecurities arising at an alarming rate, Mycomapny was determined and decided to create more demonstrative and uncontaminated drones, which they did and successfully too. However, establishing a sense of success simply on the basis of making more friendly drones was incompatible, as no one can dispatch the fact that there were several successful firms operating in drone making business, way before we joined the market. On the other hand, ignoring the gaps these old firms were providing would have been a fool’s act; hence, the launching of Mycompany that had been as successful as any other established firm. Lastly on of the most appreciating aspect of the company’s technology advancement was launched in the market recently and the response they received was spectac ular, which also earned them one of the government contracts; this advanced technology is a drone in a size of bug and is more effective and efficient than the large Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). In 2011 VectorCal won the government contract as a result of uproar for drone use in Northeast Florida, which in turn was a result of producing more jobs. Even before getting the contract, this company had hired extra pair of hands to overcome their one of the most lacking point – loe production of drones. Their one of the successful drone by the name of TechPri was launched in the market in 2003. This drone was initially fabricated for the use of US army, but had been exported on

Financial analysis and comparison of amazon and ebay Essay

Financial analysis and comparison of amazon and ebay - Essay Example Two of the mainstream [and most popular] e-commerce businesses today are Amazon.com and eBay Inc. Both of these online sites are in major competition with each other. This paper would discuss a comparative financial analysis between both sites through their respective financial ratios and therefore, their financial conditions during the year 2007 to 2009 – when the recession was at its peak. Amazon.com. was founded by Jeff Bezos on 1994 while followed by Pierre Omidyar who founded eBay Inc. on 1995. Amazon.com only used to be an online bookseller but now has widened its scope and now sells a variety of products online. Amazon.com is the largest non-travel e-commerce site across the globe (Keynote, 2009). Meanwhile, eBay Inc. is a significant networking company which specializes on online auctions. Almost anything can be possibly bought and sold in eBay Inc. It owns PayPal and Skype (Keynote, 2009). Liquidity: Liquidity, which is determined in the balance sheet, is a crucial factor in the financial condition of the business. Liquidity is the capability of the business to defray obligations with the use of its cash in times necessary and thus, sustain the business in the long run. The higher the liquidity, the more competitive it becomes (Credit Guru, 2009a). Liquidity uses the Current Ratio, Quick Ratio/ Acid Test where inventory is not included and the Net Working Capital Ratio. Liquidity Ratios are better if they are higher (Zeromillion, 2009). By the end of 2009, eBay Inc. had a 2.3 current ratio while Amazon.com had 1.3. This means that in meeting $1.00 of its current liability, eBay Inc. had $2.30 cents of current assets while Amazon.com had only $1.50 cents to cover up $1.00 of its current liability. In this case, eBay Inc. was more capable of outlaying cash for its obligations due within the specific year than Amazon.com. The same was true for the previous years. eBay Inc. had 2.32 times as much as it required in meeting its current liabilities by

The Open Boat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Open Boat - Essay Example This is quite contradictory to the notion that human beings hold an importance in this Universe and humanity was created with some purpose. It might compel one to think if the Universe and its activities would come to a halt if a human being dies. This piece of literature shows how the nature and her elements move in their self-determined ways despite the fate of the four sailors who struggle against uncertainties of their fate through mutual support. The opening scene of the story introduces us to four survivors of a shipwreck, the captain, the oiler who is called Billy, the correspondent (the author who underwent the similar experience was also a correspondent at that time) and the cook. The author gives a detail description of all the men. For instance the cook is obese and shabbily attired, bailing water from the boat and positive about their rescue, the oiler is physically strong and rows with a single oar along with the correspondent who is with another oar and apparently detac hed from the group. The captain on the other hand lies in an injured condition at the base of the boat. The opposition between human fate and nature is best reflected in the lines â€Å"The birds sat comfortably in groups, and they were envied by some in the dingey for the wrath of the sea was no more to them than it was to a covey of prairie chickens a thousand miles inland† (Crane). ... The normal activities of nature seemed hostile and aggressive to the men. In fact the author brings out the angry thoughts of the men as follows: â€Å"If I am going to be drowned--if I am going to be drowned--if I am going to be drowned, why, in the name of the seven mad gods who rule the sea, was I allowed to come thus far and contemplate sand and trees?...If this old ninny-woman, Fate, cannot do better than this, she should be deprived of the management of men's fortunes† (Crane). Human beings often show their desperation through expressions of anger against nature. Such conditions of men bring them to a point where they want to vent their wrath on religion and God by throwing bricks at the temples. The next reason of exasperation comes when the men find there are no temples. Though the men at first thinks their fates are guided by some form of Gods. One on hand they feel â€Å"childish and stupid† to show any kind of optimism, while on the other any â€Å"open sugg estion of hopelessness† is not a wise demeanor (Crane). Crane tries to point out that humanity is not in a glorious position but one amongst he other components of nature and just like the society pursues their everyday activities, even the Universe would be undisturbed at the absence of human race. This is presented in contrast with the concept of the 19th century suggesting that the ultimate form of creation is human being (D’Ammassa, 174). The sole ray of hope comes from their mutual dependence and obtaining support from one another at times of distress. Such situations compel men to understand what it is like to be in the midst of a harsh reality and makes them realize the importance of comradeship. The men constantly get into fights, which