Wednesday, July 1, 2020

College Application Resume and Activity List

Creating and Updating Your Activity List/Resume When it comes to your college applications, you will likely need to submit a resume or activity list. Colleges are not admitting facts and figures, they want living, breathing human beings with likes and dislikes, passions and aversions. What Dr. Kat calls your "soft factors," your essays, letters of recommendation, and extracurricular involvement, will tell an admissions committee what kind of person you are. From the quality and duration of your participation in certain activities, a college admissions officer will gain a more in-depth understanding of your personality and character. As one Yale University admissions officer once said, "Don't be shy! Brag! Give us as much information as possible, because you are up against thousands of other applicants and if you really want us to get to know who you are, then tell tell tell!" In order to completely and accurately portray your involvement in extracurricular activities, you should begin compiling your resume in 9th grade. The end of the academic year is a great time to create or update your resume, while the school year and your involvement is still fresh in your mind. At, we suggest students organize their resume into the following sections: extracurricular activities, honors and awards, community service, summer experiences, employment and internships, and hobbies and interests. If an application does not request a certain format, you should list extracurricular activities and hobbies in order of their importance to you. You should list everything else in reverse chronological order, beginning with the most recent. You should also indicate how much time (hours per week and weeks per year) you spend on each activity. If the activity calls for a description or location, put it underneath the activity. Finally, do not forgot to list your positions, titles, or responsibilities for each activity. Tips: Every detail counts. Supply as much information about your non-academic life as possible. Exercise restraint. Do not for example include something you do for only a few hours per year. Do what you love. Get involved with a few activities that truly interest you. Colleges are not looking for well-rounded students but for well-rounded student-bodies. Stick with it. Colleges specifically look for consistency and commitment. If you can give a compelling and accurate view of who you are, making the facts and figures of your application come alive in the mind of the admissions reader, then you already have a leg up on the competition. To do this, you will need to keep detailed records of everything you do outside the classroom, ideally starting from the summer before your freshmen year in high school. Need help selecting your extracurricular activities or compiling your resume? Contact us today!

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Classification Samples Essay - How to Make a Classification Sample That Can Be Used in Your Real Life Classes

Classification Samples Essay - How to Make a Classification Sample That Can Be Used in Your Real Life ClassesYou can find effective information on the internet that will lead you to success in your real life classes. However, you have to read on for the real story behind the classification samples essay. There are several variables that influence your success in your classes, and you have to make the most of these influences if you want to do well in the class.Obviously, you want to be able to relate the topic of the class to your relevant work or interests. It is important to focus on the point that you have to give enough detail to give the information to the reader. You can give a more detailed description on the biology or chemistry class, if you are discussing cancer.You have to define the focus of the class to ensure that the class is the focus of the entire textbook. This will prevent you from leaving the textbook on your desk to stop you from studying. You will learn more if you are not too concerned about what is going on in the class. The class needs to be useful to you, not to yourself.You have to make sure that you are going to study more if you are in a class that you are not interested in. Sometimes the excitement of the class can lead you to spend less time reading, and if you do not have a lot of free time during the day you have to take things slowly to ensure that you are truly learning. Make sure that you do not put too much weight on the books in class.Your grades are not the only thing that you will have to be concerned with. If you want to maximize your chances of success, you have to read on for the real story behind the classification samples essay. This essay is designed to help you identify topics that are not being taught in the class. The essay will provide an example of a reader to test your assumptions.Your goal is to make a credible point of comparison. If you are not able to come up with an example to use then you will not have a valid point of comparison. The essay will also present examples of how you might use these samples. You have to make sure that the essays that you are using are authentic so that you have a credible argument.Classification samples essays are a great tool that you can use to make your class relevant. You can make sure that you are studying and reading with more attention to detail, and you will be in a position to pass the class.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Centrally Planned Economy - 2019 Words

The world’s economies consist of three main economy systems with different economic mechanisms. There are centrally planned economy, mixed economy and unplanned economy. Centrally planned economy is one kind of planned economy, it is also known as command economy or socialism. The process of implementation of centrally planned economy is called planification. The phrase is originally generated from â€Å"Befehlswirtschaft† in German which used to represent Nazi economy (Amadeo, 2012). Incan empire in 16th century Peru, the Mormons in 19th century Utah had already proven with the existence of command economy. However, many believe that the idea of command economy is derived from the work of Karl Marx. The goals of command economy are to boost†¦show more content†¦Moreover, the growth rate of a nation’s productivity determines the growth rate of is average income. In countries which their nations can produce huge amount of goods and services per unit of a time, the people is most likely enjoy a high standard of living. Besides, China have gained maximum advantage from private entrepreneurship. So, it is undoubtedly important for china to shift the share of financial assets and land holdings from government to public sector (L. Assar, 2007). Thus, the productivity of china dramatically improved, similarly to the economic development. The estimated results showed that the pattern of China’s productivity growth have obviously shifted in the year 2000s compare to 1990s (Journal of Daily Science, 2012). A country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services which means the more goods and services are produced, the higher standard of living (L. Assar, 2007). Besides, total factor productivity was decomposed into technical efficiency and technical development changes on China manufacturing industries (Journal of Daily Science, 2012). With open market and liberalization of economy, technology of production and skills of labors have increased due to the technology and labors exchange program with advanced countries. Workers show their enthusiast in learning new skills or brush up their skills after economy reform. TechnologyShow MoreRelatedSupply and Demand and Centrally Planned Economy Essay697 Words   |  3 PagesAlso, without the proper resources of technology, production can turn out being slower and revenue will be smaller.   | |   17.   | Consider the centrally planned economy of the Soviet Union or China. Choose one and explain how its experience shows the problems with a centrally planned economy.The centrally planned economy of the Soviet Union was planned about five years in advance. They thought they knew exactly everything of how much they will have but they didn’t know of everything they would needRead MoreEssay on Principles of Economics617 Words   |  3 Pagesdecision. Economists have created an economic model that almost all businesses, government policy makers and entrepreneurs base their decisions on. Using these models, these people make their decisions based on how that decision will affect the economy. These models are for by economists based on analyses which are composed of: a hypothesis, assumptions, and simplifying. Analyses are done between consumers and businesses and how the two interact with each other. Will consumers buy certain productsRead MoreEconomic System And Economic Systems910 Words   |  4 PagesFor this essay I will be focusing in on the three different economic system,which are known as centrally planned economy, mixed economy, and market economy. I will also be explaining why internationalizing firms should be aware of the differences between all three economic systems and what roles should the government be taking in the free market systems. Before I begin defining the different economic systems I would like to fi rst explain what an economic system is. Every country differs in what economicRead MoreBenefits Of A Country Moving From A Economic Economy1017 Words   |  5 Pagesextent to which a country moving from a centrally planned economy to a more market driven economy is in the interest of both consumers and producers†. A transitional economy is an economy which has previously had a centrally planned economic system of resource allocation and is now allowing market forces, such as demand, supply, price and free enterprise to operate in at least parts of the economy. A centrally planned economy, that is also called command economy, is an economic system in where the country’sRead MoreEconomic Decisions Paper685 Words   |  3 PagesEconomic decisions made by individuals can affect the economy. The principles of individual decision-making include people being rational, economic incentives, and optimal decisions made at the margin. Trading the three economic systems are market economy, centrally planned economy, and mixed economy. Each contains their own attributes on how they contribute to an economy. The current economic system in the United States is a mixed economy. Individual Decision-making People try to be rationalRead MoreHow People Make Economic Decisions677 Words   |  3 PagesPeople Make Economic Decisions The economic decision an individual, household, or even a firm makes has a major impact on the economy as a whole. These decisions affect the supply of a good or service, the demand of that good or service and ultimately the price of that good or service. This paper will focus on how individual decision making affects an economy, how understanding the marginal benefits from the marginal cost affects economic decisions, and the three major types of economic systemsRead MoreCommunist Union And The Soviet Union1196 Words   |  5 Pagestheir counties under a command economy, or â€Å"an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a government.† Command economies are more prevalent in developing countries, like on the continents of Africa and Asia. North Korea, Iran, Cuba, Myanmar, and Liberia currently have command economies and the Soviet Union and China used to have one. In the past, many countries including the Soviet Union attempted to implement command economies that would later fail. AsRead MoreEconomics687 Words   |  3 Pages pp. 649-58. Question 6 Refer to Q2.8 Chapter 1 (Page 80). Centrally planned economies have been less efficient than market economies. a. Has this difference in efficiency happened by chance, or is there some underlying reason? b. If market economies are more economically efficient than centrally planned economies, would there ever be a reason to prefer having a centrally planned economy rather than a market economy? Additional Questions for Home Practice Question 7 Refer toRead MoreThe Relationship Between Economic And Urban Form1362 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship between Economic and Urban Form A Case Study of Russia Economic History of Russia The Russian economy and the rest of the Soviet Union was operated on the basis of centrally planned economy for almost over 60 years. It functioned with a state control over nearly all means of production, investment, consumption and production decisions throughout the economy. The policy under economy was made according to directives from the Communist Party, which was known to control all aspects of economicRead MoreChinas Transition Economy Essay examples1120 Words   |  5 PagesChinas transition from a planned economy to a market economy began at the end of 1978. When China started the process, the government did not have a well-designed ‘blueprint’, and so the approach to reform can be characterized as experimental. The process of reform has been gradual and incremental in nature and is still incomplete. In fact, China can’t be treated as a full market economy nor can it be treated as a centrally planned economy in which the Government substantially influen ces prices

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Federal Bureau of Investigation and White Collar Crimes

White Collar Crime White Collar Crime White Collar Crimes are those illegal acts which are characterized by deceit, concealment, or violation of trust and which are not dependent upon the application or threat of physical force or violence. Individuals and organizations commit these acts to obtain money, property, or services; to avoid the payment or loss of money or services; or to secure personal or business advantage. ~Federal Bureau of Investigation More citizens around the world in the 21st century have a greater awareness and common knowledge or white-collar crimes than in previous decades or centuries. In the west, Sutherland is known as the renowned sociologist who first publically announced and defined white-collar crime around the beginning of World War II, though there is evidence of study and evidence of white-collar crime present in the 19th century and before. The subject of white-collar crime is one of moderate to serious contention, as even its consideration as a crime and its categorization within all of crime is debated fervently in the past and in the present. White-collar crime is prevalent in the 21st century around the world, perhaps more so than in previous years because of the power and potential of technology to make possible and execute many examples of white-collar crimes. Agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation additionally use technology as a means to prevent white-collar crime as well as pu rsue white-collar criminals. WhiteShow MoreRelatedThe Uniform Crime Report Essay1012 Words   |  5 PagesThe Uniform Crime Report, which was developed in the 1930s, is commonly used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation as a record of crimes committed all across the United States. These crimes, which fall under two categories, Part I and Part II offenses, are reported by local police to the Federal Bureau of Investigation each year. Part I offenses are considered to be the more serious of crimes recognized by society. Such examples of this are homicide, forcible rape, robbery, arson, motor vehicleRead MoreEssay about The Invincible Criminal1400 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice Commission estimated that the annual cost of white-collar crime is between $130 billion and $472 billion, seven to twenty-five times greater than the cost of conventional or street crime (Conklin, 2010, P. 71). White-collar crime in America is considered larceny committed by the wealthy, respected , and legitimate enterprise which is not set up or intended to go out of business like an ordinary fraud or con game. White-collar crime offenses may involve forgery, embezzlement, or fraud involvingRead MoreCrime and Forensic Psychology1117 Words   |  5 PagesBambam2 Because  crime is one of the more appealing themes in popular culture, the public receives a skewed version of crime. The public’s knowledge may be particularly lacking with regard to the entire field of criminology, the differences between blue-collar and white-collar crime, and the general perception of the incidence of crime in the United States. You are asked, as the public relations representative of your police department, to provide an information session on the field of criminologyRead MoreEssay about History of the FBI953 Words   |  4 PagesThe early 1900’s gave rise to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Founded in appalling times filled with tension, the FBI would slowly transform American law to apprehend the nation’s most notorious criminals, and become one of the vital agencies that protect American sovereignty. Influenced by the Progressive Movement and the belief that the federal government’s intervention was required to alleviate injustices in a dark society of corruption where a war between capital and labor raged, PresidentRead MoreThe Federal Bureau Of Investigation890 Words   |  4 PagesThe Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) originated on July 26, 1908, as the Bureau of Investigation by U.S. Attorney General Charles Bonaparte. In 1935 the name was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Director Mueller reconstructed the FBI to support the changes the Bureau made â€Å"to meet newly articulated strategic priorities† from 2001 to 2013 (Brief History, 2010). On September 4, 2013, James B. Comey was sworn in as the seventh Director of the FBI. The main focus of the Federal BureauRead MoreWhite Collar Street Crime Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesWhite-Collar Crime or Street Crime: Which is More Costly to Society? What is crime? Merriam-Webster defines crime as â€Å"an act or the commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law† (Merriam-Webster). There are many types of crime but the two this paper will focus on are street crime and white- collar crime. There is no definitive definition of street crime, but it is generallyRead MoreThe Federal Bureau Of Investigation Essay885 Words   |  4 PagesThe Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) originated on July 26, 1908, as the Bureau of Investigation by U.S. Attorney General Charles Bonaparte. In 1935 the name was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Director Mueller reconstructed the FBI to support the changes the Bureau made â€Å"to meet newly articulated strategic priorities† from 2001 to 2013 (Brief History).On September 4, 2013, James B. Comey was sworn in as the seventh Director of the FBI. The ma in focus of the Federal Bureau ofRead MoreFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI Essay550 Words   |  3 Pages The mission and values of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is up held with strong Constitutional values. Over the years since the FBI was created in 1908 by Attorney General Charles Bonaparte during the Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. As a progressive during this time period Bonaparte applied his philosophy to forming the FBI with several corps of agents. His thought was that these men should have expertise and not political connections. With the U.S. Constitution based on â€Å"federalism†Read MoreCounterterrorism In Cyber Enforcement1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe country and the Bureau said â€Å"Never Again† and the Bureau has taken that to heart. Counterterrorism has since that day remained as the top most priority for the Bureau and is reflected in the number of personnel assigned and the internal funds directed to the cause. In addition to counterterrorism, the rapid growth of technology had required the Bureau to expand its area of influence into the c ybersphere. Cyber related crime in all area; terrorism, espionage, white collar crimes, criminal enterprisesRead MoreWhite Collar Crime Theories, Laws, and Processes785 Words   |  3 PagesWhite Collar Crime Theories, Laws, and Processes Name Tutor Course Title Date Submitted White Collar Crime Theories, Laws, and Processes: The term white collar crime was first introduced by Edwin Sutherland, a criminologist and sociologist, in 1939. The criminologist defined the term as offenses committed by individuals of respectability and high social status while in their different occupations. He also included criminal offenses carried out by corporations and other lawful organizations

Friday, May 15, 2020

Essay Legalize Stem Cell Research - 2484 Words

Stem cell research should be legal and funded by the government in all 50 states. There are several types of stem cells that we have available to use for research. The controversy comes from the use of Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC) and how they are obtained. The funding is very unstable for stem cell research due to the use of ESC, combined with the message they send. There have been several arguments in regards to the right to life. In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) clinics have never been funded by the government and that is not the plan for this research either. Even if the research was funded by the government, the stem cells would continue to live on. Stem cells are used to find cures for life threatening diseases. Research of stem cells is†¦show more content†¦Somatic Stem Cells show they are resourceful and have been in use for a very long period of time, Somatic Stem Cells can help cure disease. Without continued funding for this, researchers would be unable to find other cu res, like the already in process bone marrow transplants. The rejection rate theory is very powerful, being able to save lives with low complications; however, if the research is not funded, we might not be able to stop the person from getting the illness again, considering the illness is most likely in the genetic makeup of the individual. Three is a need for continued funding for this research, at least until researchers have exhausted all avenues, finding every possible capability of these Somatic Stem Cells. The second type of stem cell in use is the Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells. These stem cells come from the umbilical cord of a newborn which generally would get discarded. Otherwise, these cords are frozen and stored in a private blood bank, in case the stem cells should ever be needed by the donor or their family (â€Å"Umbilical Cord Blood†, par. 23). The processes to save these cells is; something like this, the parents pay a onetime fee and they receive a package for sending the cord in after delivery, after the initial process the family pays an annual storage fee to continue toShow MoreRelatedEssay on It’s Time to Legalize Embryonic Stem Cell Research1764 Words   |  8 PagesIt’s Time to Legalize Embryonic Stem Cell Research In the United States of America, people have many rights and freedoms that are respected by the Federal Government. As stated in Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau: â€Å"There will never be a truly free and enlightened state until the state comes to recognize the individual as a higher and independent power† (225). In the goal to make America a truly free and enlightened state, laws have been enacted to preserve individual rights. With theRead MoreStem Research On Stem Cell Research1530 Words   |  7 PagesHiga Capstone 2 October, 2014 Stem Cell Beats Ethic Issues Stem cell research is the most controversial topic in the health field since abortion. Stem cell research however, has the potential to unlock an infinite amount of possibilities as well be the key to curing patients with terminal illnesses. Many people from around the world have their opinions on this type of research dealing with ethics, politics, and religion. The most efficient way to study stem cells is taking them from donated embryosRead MoreEssay on The Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research1025 Words   |  5 PagesStem Cell Research Should stem cell research be allowed? Stem cell research has been a major biological breakthrough in recent years. It has great potential to help people and ease suffering. But there is also a moral question raised about stem cell research, and that comes from the source of stem cells. Ever since Stem Cell research started, there has been much debate over whether or not it should be allowed. Some people are completely against stem cell research becauseRead MoreThe Debate Of Stem Cell Research1519 Words   |  7 Pagesbring the topic of stem cell research to the table to inform you on a topic you most likely know nothing about. According to the bible the strong need to bear with the failings of the weak. Why should we please ourselves if we don’t care for stem cell research? Among one of the, if not the most, controversial topics of our time comes one medical science that can save lives if legalized nationwide. We are talking about stem cells of course, and why the allowance of these basic cells in common medicalRead More Stem Cell Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagesafter all. There is a great new field of research in which scientists are trying to find ways to solve these types of problems along with many others. Research in the use of stem cells holds limitless possibilities in the medical field. Stem cells are the cells in our bodies that are in their primitive form. These cel ls have not yet become the type of cell they are destined to be, whether it be nervous tissue or another. However, even though stem cell research is a great new field, its progress is beingRead MoreHeart Disease, Cancer, And Diabetes Have Drastically Hindered,1716 Words   |  7 PagesAdult stem cells is the future for diseases such as these. Up until now, the research from biologists combined with real life medical procedures in the adult stem cell field has put mankind within sight of remarkable success. Everything from reversing disease to lowering the cost and failures of pharmaceutical testing, is entirely possible with adult stem cells. The United States should no longer focus on masking and â€Å"just getting by†, but instead push to become the world leader in adult stem cellRead MoreGraduation Speech : Elementary School1627 Words   |  7 Pagessides. This project required me to research not only the pros of stem cell development, but also the cons, since I will nee d to know how to refute. I learned how to find different types of information including online news articles, data, university research, and even wikipedia. I used this knowledge to my advantage and put my opponent at a disadvantage. Ultimately, I grew as a student through communicating ideas because I developed great debating and research skills, but I also grew as a globalRead MoreLegalizing Human Cloning1547 Words   |  7 Pagesmedical advances grow, so does the need for finances to ensure that growth. We will all agree to spend our well earned cash to ensure that technology advances and remains legal, but would we be willing to fund the advancement of cloning in order legalize this field of medicine? It is (Duddington, 2000) speculated that within the next ten to fifteen years human cloning will become possible. ( ¶ 1) When in fact human cloning is possible due to the famous sheep named Dolly in 1997. Here in the unitedRead MoreThe Cloning Should Not Be Banned By The Human Body886 Words   |  4 Pages Cloning Dolly, the sheep in 1996 was a momentous moment in scientific history. Scientists removed the nucleus from one of Dolly s skin cells and engineered an egg to be insert with then nucleus. This egg could have fertilized in a mothers uterus. Following this discovery, mice, pigs and cattle have been cloned based on the same concept. In 2012, a group of scientists took cloning a step further and cloned human embryos. With great certainty, human cloning will be banned by the government dueRead MoreWhat Do We Know About Gary Johnson?1490 Words   |  6 Pages(Ballotpedia Federal Desk Curating Staff) He has expressed support for legalizing marijuana at the federal level, removing it from the federal drug schedules, and allowing states to legalize and regulate marijuana for medical and adult use. After finishing his term as the Governor of New Mexico, Gary got involved in efforts to legalize marijuana and became the CEO of Cannabis Sativa, Inc.; a marijuana branding company that ho pes to benefit from the legalization efforts. (Lizza) When Gary decided to run for

Thursday, May 14, 2020

TGIF Date Night Social Interactions - 1152 Words

This paper will detail the account of an observation of human interaction. It will include a brief description of the location, the setting, emotional atmosphere, the demographics of the people being observed and various other pertinent details. I will focus on and describe behaviors and interactions between the participants. In the paper I will also identify the unwritten rules of social interaction as they apply to the situation. The information gathered during the observation will be used to draw conclusion about the specific social interaction and how it may relate to all social interactions in general. TGI-Friday Date Night This observational study took place at the TGI-Fridays located at Arundel Mills in Hanover, Maryland on two different occasions. The first was on Friday May 2nd 2014, between 8:00 and 9:30 pm. The restaurant was full of people and the atmosphere was jovial. There was an array of people for older professional people to teenagers from various racial and economic backgrounds. The second session on the following day, Saturday May 3rd 2014 between 2:30 and 3:30 pm, the restaurant was fairly crowded but the atmosphere was more relaxed and more family oriented. There was still however, a good mix of people. The dates and times were selected to encompass the different groups as well as the different mood that would be present in the restaurant due to the time of day. In each instance I sat at a table located in area where I had a view of theShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesScale 103 Scoring Key 103 Comparison Data 103 2 MANAGING PERSONAL STRESS 105 SKILL ASSESSMENT 106 Diagnostic Surveys for Managing Stress 106 Stress Management Assessment 106 Time Management Assessment 107 Type A Personality Inventory 108 Social Readjustment Rating Scale 109 Sources of Personal Stress 111 SKILL LEARNING 112 Improving the Management of Stress and Time 112 The Role of Management 113 Major Elements of Stress 113 Reactions to Stress 114 Coping with Stress 115 Managing Stress

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Aunt Jemimas Advertising Campaign from the Late 19th to...

In the late 1880s in Missouri two men named Chris L. Rutt and Charles G. Underwood created a revolutionary instant pancake flour mix. They created the trademark after visiting a theater and seeing women in blackface, aprons, and red bandanas doing a performance of a song entitled Old Aunt Jemima. This popular song of the time inspired them to use this very image as their company logo. Rutt and Underwood used many different ways to exploit this new image. They used posters, live appearances, memorabilia, and of course on the product itself. These two men practiced advertising in a way where it quickly linked image and product in such a way that a lasting impression is created in the publics mind. They used a clever promotion†¦show more content†¦This was pretty much the African American image in advertising during the time of the creation of Aunt Jemima; a battered mule to carry all of Americas problems so that it made the rest of America feel better. Aunt Jemima was one of the many an examples that displayed drastic difference between a dominant and an oppressed group. It showed these differences rather than to use goods as a method to iron out the differences or to undermine potential conflicts, whether they are class-based or racial (Goings 12). The changes and growth of consumerism in advertising created a society where people could project changes in their status through the acquisition of consumer goods. Advertisings ability to promote this connection struck a deep and responsive chord within American society. The stereotypical images of African American people became ...popular `advertising hooks for consumer products, armed primarily at the white working class (Goings 12). Aunt Jemimas trademark mirrored Americas changing perceptions of African Americans. These changes can be seen through the political issues in the post civil war, the social movements during the civil rights, and the cultural movements during the 1980s until present time. The Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 freed African American in rebelling states, and after the civil War, the Thirteenth Amendment emancipated